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IR@UoP is a digital archive offering access to the research, scholarly productivity and publications of the University of Peshawar community. It’s meant to promote the University’s research and create an institutional record of academic and other intellectual work. The main objective is to preserve, promote and provide access to the University's research and publications under one umbrella, in full text wherever possible. IR@UoP is a service of the Central Library, University of Peshawar.
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An Evaluation of Public Sector Teacher Education Program in Khyber Pakhtonkhwa
(Institute of Education and Research, University of Peshawar, 2012) Amjad Reba; Supervised by Dr. Arbab Khan Afridi
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the teacher education program in Khyber-Pakhtonkhwa based upon a survey and interview of the directors, principals, teachers and trainees perceptions, so as to identify the effectiveness and expected benefits of the program. The objectives of the study were, to point out perception of the trainees of different programs related to different aspects of teacher education institutes, to compare the perception of elementary and secondary trainee teachers related to different aspects of teacher education institutes and to suggest a ten year action plan for teacher education institutes in Khyber-Pakhtonkhwa. To obtain quantitative and qualitative data in the study, mixed methodology was used which employed a survey questionnaire with 72 items and interview contained 20 items grouped under seven broad categories that is learning aids/technology, curriculum & courses, admissions, teaching & learning, evaluation, research activities and teaching practice. Ten regional institutes for teacher education (RITEs), five each male and female and five institutes of education and research (IERs) Similarly, 50 trainees and OS teachers’ from each institute were also selected randomly. The total sample includes 750 trainees, 75 teachers and 15 principals/ directors. Survey questionnaires received from trainees were 600 with 60 from teachers and 16 from directors and
principals. The data were collected through survey questionnaires from the teachers, trainees’ responses. Interviews from directors and principals focused on the different aspects of teacher training institutes program in Khyber-Pakhtonkhwa. The data gathered through these various sources were triangulated to enhance the quality or the reliability of the data. To analyze quantitative data, statistical procedures were run using SPSS version 16.0. Teachers and trainees perceptions about the teacher education program were analyzed by using descriptive statistics (%, frequency). Secondly, the Kruskal Wallis H test was implemented to examine the difference between different programs trainee teachers and elementary and secondary level respondents. It was also used to examine the difference in the teacher's status and about different aspects of teacher education program. The Mann-Whitney test was used to test the difference of different aspects regarding teacher education program such as gender and between teachers and trainees. As for as qualitative data analysis is concerned, the results from the interview with directors and principals were documented, while taking notes by the researcher. With some adaptation, the analytic approach was used for the analysis ofqualitative data in this study.
It was found that up to 47% trainees and 33% teachers do not have internet facility in their institutes. Nearly 40% ofthe trainees revealed that seminar, work shop and conferences were not carried outin the institutes. Halfofthe teachers and trainees responded that curriculum can not accommodate individual differences and aims can not be achieved through the present curriculum. Most of the 78.5% trainees and 78.3% teachers admitted the fact that faculty members were cooperative. Approximately 61.7% teachers and 47.7% trainees reported that there were hindrances in the teaching learning process. According to 35.3% of trainees 46.7% teachers malpractices were observed in examination. As far as the procedure of the lesson plans is concerned 47.3% trainees and 70.3% teachers admitted that they were out dated and about 70% trainees and teachers responded that lesson plan need modification. It is concluded that there was a difference between different aspects of programs. There was a difference between different aspects ofprograms and different vi levels (ie elementary and secondary) for admission and research activities scales and levels among the respondents with marginal significance for evaluation.
The qualitative data reflect broad consensus that access for every learner to modern technology could be made possible. There is always a strong base for the argument about the need for allocation of budget to education. As reflected by the respondents, curriculum must be equipped with the national and international requirements. The curriculum of all teacher training institutes needs proper modifications. The situation is further compounded bythe fact that manyteachersjoin teaching by chance not by choice. So it is obligatory to conduct aptitude tests before admission. The data reflect broad consensus that trainees need active participation so passive listening on the part of the learner may be avoided. The teacher should take initiative to use the learning aids properly and activate the learner. Most of the participants of this study tend to concentrate upon the use of assessment in different ways and before assessing the learner have to know about the nitty gritty of assessment. The data reflect broad consensus that a teacher may be a good researcher and must be able to tackle classroom problems. There is a need to link research with that all vacant posts in teacher training institutes may be filled, to introduce modern assessment techniques, to strengthen teaching practicum and improve research activities in teacher education institutes. An action plan was launched for further implementation
Analysis of Attitude and Practices of Students at Tertiary Level Towards Civic Education in the Province of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.
(Institute of Education and Research, University of Peshawar, 2015) Ateeq Ahmad Tariq; Supervised by Dr. Hafiz Muhammad Inamullah
Civic Education being value education has been an indispensable part of the Textbooks in the province of Khyber Pakhtunkhwaof Pakistan, like the other provinces of the country. The present study aimed at analyzing the attitudes and practices ofthe studentsat tertiary level towards civic education. The objectives of the study were, to analyze the currentattitudes and practices of the students at tertiary level towards civic education; to assess the level of awareness of the students; to evaluate the attitudes of students towards rights and duties as a citizen and as a human being; to compare the attitudes and behaviors of the male and female students of the universities of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa; to explore the ways of bringing Civic Education into practice at all levels of education; and the identification of the areas of further research.
One thousand male and female students of the public sector universities of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan were taken as a sample. A questionnaire was developed, translated and administered in Urdu for the convenience of the sampled students. The data was coded,tabulated, and analyzed byStatistical Package for Social Sciences(S.P.S.S.)
The results showed that though the prevailing style ofpolitics, the situation of law and order and polarization are polluting environment of the country, however, the students were hopeful and had faith in democracy. Theresults further revealed that the students were better human beings than citizens. According to the results, there were confusions and differences betweenattitudes and practices regarding different aspects of civic education. A visible difference could be seen between male and female students in someofthe studied aspects.It was found that a separate course of civic education is needed to be developed and taught at tertiary level. However, the existing courses and lessonsgiving civic education were also found to be in need oftheattention of experts and re-visit ofthe curriculum developers to address the shortcomings in the existing courses and made them in accordance with the needs of the present age, based on the rational objectivity, historical and cultural background in such a manner which impart and inculcate ability, skills, knowledge and strength of character to make the learnera better citizen and a human being whois well- adjusted in the society of Pakistan and the world at large.
Factors Affecting the Career Choices of Secondary School Students in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
(Institute of Education and Research, 2016) Alam Zeb; Supervisor by Prof. Dr. Arshad Ali
The exploration of appropriate career choice is an important landmark in the lives of secondary school students which determine their future occupations and career outcomes, having implications both for the individual students and society. The choice of careers in secondary schools is influenced by students’ personal, environmental and behavioral factors, therefore; the study aimed at the exploration of career choices of secondary school students, identification of factor affecting these choices, investigating the influence of specific career choice factors, i.e. personality, parents and family, school, socio-cultural and career outcomes on the career choice decisions of students and the development of effectivestrategies for career guidance of secondary school students. The study used Mixed methods explanatory sequential design for the collection and analysis of data. The population of the study was all the students, parents, teachers and heads of the 345 public sector, Higher secondary schools of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. A sample of 1220 research participants was selected through multi stage cluster sampling technique for the collection of large scale quantitative data and a sample of 50 respondents was selected through purposive sampling for the collection of small scale qualitative data. For the collection of quantitative data the researcher developed self-constructed Likert type questionnaires and validated them through pilot testing. The quantitative data were collected through questionnaires and analyzed through the use of percentages and Chi-square statistics with the application of Statistical Package for Social Sciences. The analysis of quantitative data provided the general description of the phenomenon and identified areas which needed further explanation; therefore, Semi structured Interview guides were prepared and administered for further exploration of the specified themes through qualitative data. The qualitative data were analyzed through transcribing data from the data sheets and identification of themes for the interpretation. Then both the data sets were merged and interpreted together. The study explored, Medical, Teaching, Engineering, and Armed forces as major career choices of secondary schools’ students and identified parents, students’ personalities, socioeconomic status, families, society and its traditions as major
factors affecting the career choices of students. Regarding the influence of specific 16 career choice factors, the study further demonstrated the significant influences of personality, parents and family, school, socio-cultural and career outcome factors on the career choices of students at secondary level. The study revealed significant gender wise differences in career choices and the influence of career choice factors on the career choices of male and female students. Medical, Engineering, Teaching and Armed forces were found as prominent career choices of male and Medical and Teaching as prominent career choices of female students. Males were more influenced by the factors of personality and females by parents and family and sociocultural factors in the choice of their careers. The study highlighted the career guidance needs of secondary schools’ students, identified the non-availability of career guidance facilities in schools and established effective career guidance strategies for career guidance of secondary level students. Keeping in view the career guidance needs of secondary schools’ students, the study recommended the provision of career guidance facilities, appointment of trained career guides, mechanism for identification of students’ interests and aptitudes for integration with their career choice decisions, development of career guidance website, the use of social media for career guidance and the active role of policy makers for the provision of career guidance facilities in secondary schools as effective strategies of career guidance for students at this level. The study also provided practical and theoretical implications of the research and identified areas for future researches.
COLLECTION DEVELOPMENT PRACTICES IN LIBRARIES: APPRAISAL OF POLICIES, AND CHALLENGES
(DEPARTMENT OF LIBRARY & INFORMATION SCIENCE UNIVERSITY OF PESHAWAR, 2024) TANVEER AHMAD; Supervisored By: DR. ASAD KHAN
This study aims to examine and evaluate collection development in academic libraries, with a focus on policy implementation, stakeholder roles & their collaboration, and operational challenges in the libraries of the National University of Sciences & Technology (NUST), Pakistan. The purpose of the research is to provide an empirical understanding of how collection development policies are translated into practice in a research-intensive academic environment, and to identify gaps that affect the efficiency, relevance, and sustainability of library collections. Grounded on Peggy Johnson’s Collection Development Theory, the study conceptualizes collection development as an integrated process involving policy formulation, resource selection & acquisition, evaluation, and collaboration between librarians and faculty. Mixed method research design was adopted to ensure breadth and depth of analysis. Quantitative data were collected through a structured questionnaire from 265 teaching faculty using proportionate stratified sampling, yielding 233 valid responses. Qualitative data were obtained through semi-structured interviews from head librarians of NUST libraries. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistical techniques (SPSS) and thematic analysis (NVivo) and then triangulated to strengthen the validity of the findings. The findings reveal that formal collection development policies exist, but their dissemination and practical implementation is limited. Faculty participation is mostly limited to resource recommendation, while librarians primarily act as facilitators with constrained decision-making authority. Key challenges include budgetary limitations, procedural delays in acquisition, inadequate integration of electronic resources, and the absence of a systematic evaluation and weeding process. The study highlights the gap between policy frameworks and operational realities. This research contributes to the field of library and information science by providing institution-specific, theory-guided, and empirically grounded analysis of CD practices in Pakistan. It underscores the need for improved policy communication, strengthened collaborations, enhanced librarians’ empowerment, and more evidence-based, user-centered collection development approaches.
PAKHTUNS AND THE WAR ON TERROR: A CULTURAL PERSPECTIVE
(INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS, 2012-12) ABDUL SHAKOOR PhD SCHOLAR; SUPERVISOR PROF. DR. NASREEN GHUFRAN
The war on terror, starting in October 2001, instead of stemming terrorism from the region, has further radicalized the Pakhtun society. The prevailing terrorism in the shape of Talibanization in the Pakhtun region of Pakistan has not been a result of the normal functional social change; rather, it has been the product of a conscious policy of social engineering in the Pakhtun society. The combination of culture reductionism and policy of social engineering produce a distorted picture of the Pakhtuns’ culture. Analysis of the history of religious mobilizations, nature of the current militant uprising, and the phenomenon of violence in the Pakhtun culture demonstrates that the Taliban form of terrorism, whose ideology transcends national boundaries, has no causal relationship with the socially controlled and limited-in-scope violence in the Pakhtun society. State institutions are weak to the point of non-existence mainly due to a limited government writ, especially in the Federally Administered Tribal Areas (FATA). Therefore, there is a strong reliance on social and cultural institutions. The destruction of, and indifference to these social and cultural institutions by the counter-terrorism campaign and by the Taliban activities has given further impetus to the problem of terrorism in the Pakhtun society.