Browsing by Author "Mahar Bano"

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    ANALYSIS OF THEMES OF CHILDRENS READERS { URDU IN TERMS OF ACHIEVEMENT, AFFILIATION AND POWER MOTIVES IN PAKISTAN
    (Department of Psychology, University of Peshawar, 1985) Mahar Bano
    The present research was designed to study the dominant motivational trends in Pakistani society by means of thematic analysis of popular Urdu short stories for children written by Pakistani writers during the period 1947-82. For this purpose a total of 250 short stories were selected fror. different children's magazines and readers published in Pakistan during this period. The stories were further categorized into three time periods, 1947-1958, 1959-1970 and 1971-1982 according to their probable years of publication. These periods roughly correspond to the three phases of political development in Pakistan. The first time period contains 72 stories, the second has 79 and the third contains 99 stories. An exploratory study of 22 children's text book stories in Urdu, published by the N.W.F.P. Text Book Board from 1981 onward was also undertaken to see if the “text book" stories were any different form "popular" ones. The stories were analyzed in terms of n Achievement, n Affiliation and n Power. The guide for coding the motives was McClelland's method of “coding historical source materials for motivational variables" (1975). These motives, as borne out by previous studies, are productive of great societal consequences including economic development, war, peace and conquest (McClelland; 1961 and 1975).Results of the present research show that among the above three motives, n Power, on the whole is highest, n Achievement is lowest and n Affiliation is in between, and these differences are significant (Table Nos.5 and 1.0). That n Achievement is consistently extremely low, while n Affiliation follows n Power rather tamely, perhaps as a partially balancing factor is also clearly borne out by Table No.5 and Figure No.IvCertain other aspects of these results e.g., aifferences. ‘i between magazines and readers, have also been highlighted in different tables and figure. Figure No. V and VI are particularly worth looking at in this connection. An attempt has been made to discuss these results in terms of value/incentives and expectancies found in Pakistani society. In general, the expectancy— value theory has been found to provide an appropriate interpretative framework for these results. Towards the close of the thesis, some of the practical implications of the present study and suggestions for future research have been offered.