Browsing by Author "Muhammad Rizwan"

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    Assessment Of Drinkingwater Quality In Relation To Sanitaion In Haripur City Pakistan
    (J. Sc. & Tech. Univ. Peshawar, 2016) Idrees Khan; Abdullah Khan; Wisal Shah; Muhammad Ziad; Muhammad Rizwan
    The present research work was conducted for the purpose to assess drinking water quality in relation to sanitation system in Haripur city. Drinking water samples were collected at consumer end from 31 various locations for physico-chemical and biological analysis. Major Chemical parameters like were pH, Electric Conductivity (EC), Total Dissolved Solids (TDS),Total Suspended solids (TSS), Total Solids (TS), alkalinity, phosphate (PO4-3), nitrate (NO3-), sulphate (SO4-2), chloride (Cl-), total hardness, calcium hardness (Ca+2), magnesium hardness (Mg+2), sodium (Na+)and potassium (K+) were analyzed. Results of the study showed that all the parameters were inpermissible limits except pH (8.7) and total suspended solid (TSS) (29.7). Both pH and total suspended solid (TSS) were found exceeding the recommended level addressed by WHO and Pakistan water quality standards. On other hand, biological contamination was found to be in the form of total coli form and E.colithat makes the water of the study area unsuitable for drinking and is causing major health implications such as diarrhea, dysentery, cholera, hepatitis etc.
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    ISOLATION, OPTIMIZATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF SECONDARY METABOLITES FROM SOIL BORNE FUNGI SCRELOTIUM AND ASPERGILLUS SPECIES
    (Center of Biotechnology & Microbiology, University of Peshawar, 2016) Muhammad Rizwan; Supervisor Dr. Bashir Ahmad
    In the present dissertation, our research findings on the production of bioactive secondary metabolites by soil borne fungi are discussed. The application of microorganisms for the welfare of human beings is the main goal of biotechnology. In this study, two phytopathogenic fungi, Sclerotium rolfsii and Aspergillus flavus were isolated from soil samples collected from Malakand Division, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. Growth parameters (nutrient media, temperature, pH, incubation period, and static/shaking intervals) were optimized for achieving maximum production of bioactive secondary metabolites. Five nutrient media were used for fungal growth. S. rolfsii produced maximum amounts of metabolites in Czapek yeast broth media (CYB), whereas maximum formation of metabolites by A. flavus was found in potato dextrose media (PDB). Furthermore, the crude secondary metabolites in ethyl acetate (EtOAc) and n-hexane extract obtained from each medium were screened for their activities against different pathogenic bacteria. The EtOAc and n-hexane fractions obtained from the CYB medium were more active against pathogenic bacteria as compared to the crude metabolites obtained from the other media in the case with S. rolfsii, whereas PDB was the media, in which A. flavus yielded the largest quantities of secondary metabolites, showed significant results against pathogenic bacteria. EtOAc and n-hexane fractions of both fungi were screened for their in vitro effects, including antifungal, phytotoxic, and insecticidal properties and brine shrimp lethality. The in vivo activities of the metabolites, such as acute toxicity, analgesic, and sedative action, were also studied. The results showed that the ethyl acetate (EtOAc) fraction was more active as compared to the n-hexane fraction due to the presence of polar constituents. The results obtained from the examinations of the biological activities indicated that both fungi produced bioactive secondary metabolites which have antimicrobial, phytotoxic, insecticidal, cytotoxic, analgesic, and sedative effects.