Browsing by Author "Supervised By Prof. Dr. Ihsan Ali"

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    Ancient Peshawar (An Analysis of the History and Archaeology)
    (AREA STUDY CENTRE:RUSSIA, CHINA AND CENTRAL ASIA, UNIVERSITY OF PESHAWAR, 2004-09) Shah Nazar Khan; Supervised By Prof. Dr. Ihsan Ali
    Here is the clean transcription of the provided abstract page:ABSTRACTPeshawar has various names in history, different from one account to another. There are fourteen different versions in addition to the one; the Chinese Pilgrims give in their diaries since antiquity. The city has played a vital role in various periods of its history in the development of the culture of the area. This research is based on literature review, archaeological excavations found from different areas of Peshawar like Bana Mari, Tahkal, Shah ji ki Dheri and Ali Masjid stupa, which are some of the main sites. However, the recent excavation at Gor Khuttree is the most important one from scientific point of view.Gor Khuttree, located right in the heart of the city, is also the highest point thus ensuring a long and continuous cultural profile. The excavations at Gor Khuttree have exposed a profile covering about 2600 years, from the Achaemenian dynasty of \(6^{\text{th}}\) century B.C. through the Kushanas, Hindu Shahis, Islamic, Sikhs and British periods to date. The antiquity discovered of the ancient past of Peshawar includes buildings, coins, inscriptions, pottery and terracottas etc.The Achaemenian rule in Peshawar was followed by the invasions of Alexander the Great and then Indo-Greeks. Though the Macedonian rule was short but the valley of Peshawar retained many Hellenistic traditions, which can be seen in the art and architecture of the region. This was followed by the Buddhist Civilization of Gandhara under the Kushanas, which lasted for about five hundred years; the Buddhists monasteries and stupas were destroyed in the white Huns invasion of Gandhara in the \(5^{\text{th}}\) Century A.D.