Browsing by Author "Supervised by Dr. Muhammad Naeem"

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    Scaling Up and Mission Drift: The Role of Microfinance Institutions in Poverty Alleviation-A Case Study of Peshawar Region
    (Department of Economics, University of Peshawar. Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan, 2014-05) Mohammad Saeed; Supervised by Dr. Muhammad Naeem
    Microfinance programs as an effective strategy to alleviate poverty by providing financial services to those who have no access to capital and formal financial services as well as providing additional support services like literacy, training, access to health services, and platforms to organize communities. Microfinance institutions have not yet been achieved the attention to the reputation at the global level, despite the contribution to poverty reduction remains limited. A large-scale are not met, to meet the demand of its own, the long-term sustainability in order to provide the microfinance program are facing increasing pressure to expand their outreach activities, grow, enhance their impact. This pressure, in many cases, poses the dilemma of the original mission of poverty reduction and financial sustainability, and in order to ensure that we have a difficult decision to make many of the microfinance institutions sustainable. The question of the problem is how microfinance institutions adhere to the social mission of reaching the poor while extending the reach of the social mission to the poor people. This question is addressed through a case study of Sarhad Rural Support program (SRSP) a poverty focused microfinance institution in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.. Key features of the methodology. (1) the use of the multi-dimensional PRE-POST quantitative data to display whether or not there is mission drift at SRSP, (2) How to use the mixed methods to identify challenges that have been identified in the lead to drift while scaling up and strategy that inhibit drift, based on whether or not there is mission drift, and (3) use of purposive sampling to explore selected themes of primary findings in order to gain better understanding. The results indicate that the MFI survey has not significantly drifted away from its poverty alleviation mission. The MFI has been able to adhere to its mission despite the many challenges they faced during the scaling up. The specific strategies that have enabled the MFI to maintain its mission (1) likeminded board, and (2) a faithful staff, management, and (3) participation of members (the client), and (4) keeping the platform for development, and (5) member responsive assessment and monitoring system. The study also provides a framework and a set of indicators and tools that may be used by researchers and practitioners to measure the fulfillment of social mission. i
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    The Impact of Education and Health on Economic Growth: An Econometric Study of Pakistan (1970-20210)
    (Department of Economics, University of Peshawar. Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan, 2014) Imdad Ullah; Supervised by Dr. Muhammad Naeem
    Education and health are the two important components of human capital. Education is a powerful instrument in reducing poverty, enhancing earnings, economic growth, empowering people, and promoting a healthy and flexible environment and creating competitive economy. It plays an important role in shaping the ways to become skilled and handle with the complexities of economic growth by the future generations. On the other hand health is a basic and key ingredient of human capital and an important determinant of economic growth. The main objective of this study was to examine the impact of education and health on the economic growth of Pakistan, using time series data from 1970-2010. To achieve this objective, the study was completed in different phases. In the first phase, a comprehensive literature review was carried out using standard sources and tools for the better understanding of theoretical and emperical aspects of the study. In the second phase secondary data were collected from the State Bank of Pakistan and World Development Indicators. A total of eight variables was selected for the study i.e. public spending on education and health, enrollment at primary, secondary and tertiary level, life expectancy and infant mortality rate. The collected data for these variables was analyzed using computer software EViews version 5. During data analysis different econometric techniques were applied to examine the stationarity of data and long run and the short run relationship between education, health and economic growth. For stationarity, long run and short run relationship Augmented Dickey Fuller (ADF) and Philips Perron (PP) tests, Engle Granger two step procedure, Auto Regressive Distributive Lags (ARDL) and Error Correction Mechanism (ECM) were used respectively. The validity of ARDL and ECM models was checked by Auto Correlation, Heteroscedasticity, Auto Regressive Conditional Heteroscedasticity, and parameter stablity tests. The results of these tests confirmed that these models are best fitted. The findings of Augmented Dickey Fuller and Philips Perron tests show that all variable are unit root at level and stationary at first difference or co-integrated of order one. The results of Engle Granger two step procedure and ARDL tests confirmed that education, health and economic growth have a long run relationship whereas, Error Correction Mechanism also confirmed their short run relationship. The results of linear regression show that education and health have a positive and significant impact on the economic growth of Pakistan. This study also found that education; health and economic growth are co-integrated and have a long run relationship. Health and education play a major and important role in determining the long run economic growth of Pakistan. The study confirmed that if government increases budget for education and health, more people will be educated which will result in more educated workers and resultantly more production. Similarly, it will also have a good impact on the health of the general public. The study suggests that the government of Pakistan should consider education and health sectors while formulating policies and must allocate sufficient budget for them.