Browsing by Author "Supervisor Dr. S. Abdul Ghaffar"

Now showing 1 - 2 of 2
  • No Thumbnail Available
    Item
    A Study of the Nature of Changes in the Secondary level Biology Curriculum since 1960
    (Institute of Education and Research, University Of peshawar, 1996-06) Miss Shafqat Perveen; Supervisor Dr. S. Abdul Ghaffar
    Curriculum development is a dynamic and continuous process, it is subject to change in view of the changing socio-economic and political scenario. It is changed when it is not consistent with the national aspirations and goals of education. It is changed when it loses balance, integration and relationship within and among various disciplines. Biology as an important scientific discipline, has been gaining currency doing the last three decades, and plays significant role in the field of science. It helps in understanding ourselves, our environment and the world around us. Such were the guiding spirit that inspired the researcher to study in depth the nature and process of changes and developments of biology curriculum offered at secondary level in Pakistan Since 1960. The main objectives governing the study are to study the nature of changes brought about in biology curriculum, to identify factors and forces warranting such changes, to identify the problems and issues inhibiting proper implementation of die curriculum in the class room and also to formulate guide-lines for not only correcoding the situation but to make it more responsive to the challenges of the 21st century. The study is hoped to infarience the policy of the government and will provide feed back on the operational status of the curriculum.
  • No Thumbnail Available
    Item
    Activities Based on Low Cost Materials (Equipment, Glassware, Chemicals) in Teaching Chemistry at Secondary School Level in Pakistan
    (Institute of Education & Research University of Peshawar, NWFP, Pakistan, 1998) Iflat A. Hussain; Supervisor Dr. S. Abdul Ghaffar
    Science education has remained one of the top priority issues of developing countries for the last few decades. In this age of science and technology, the developing countries face an increasing demand for scientific and technical manpower due to the increased awareness and emphasis on rapid industrialization as well as agricultural development on the national level. It Is now well recognized that science education has a direct and very significant influence on numerous activities in the daily life and environment of both rural and urban communities. It is in this context that the natural and physical sciences, study and use of environment and local resources has been recognized as one of the basic areas of school curriculum in many developing countries including Pakistan. Keeping in view the significance, study In hand is selected to design low cost activities based on low cost materials (equipment, glassware, chemicals) in teaching chemistry at secondary school level in Pakistan.