Browsing by Author "Supervisor Prof. Dr. Johar Ali"

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    EFFECTIVENESS OF FEMALE MADARISIN WOMEN’S EMPOWERMENTIN PAKISTAN
    (Department Of Sociology, University Of Peshawar, 2009) Javaria Raza Ph.D Scholar (Sociology); Supervisor Prof. Dr. Johar Ali
    This study explored the role of female Madaris (Islamic seminaries) in women’s empowerment in Pakistan. Primarily, it was designed to examine whether Female Madaris empower women or perpetuate women subordination in Pakhtun Society. It is an attempt to highlight the status of Madrassah graduates in local community. Furthermore, efforts are also made to understand the perceptions of Madrssah stakeholders regarding gender equality/an egalitarian social structure. The study was carried out in two districts (Nowshera and Peshawar) of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan, employing qualitative research methodology. The respondents consisted of three groups i.e. Muhtamims/teachers, students and students’ parents. The relevant data was collected through in-depth interviews (both individual and group) and personal observations in field. With an insight from interpretivism/hermeneutics, the data was analyzed and presented thematically. The overall claim that the study makes is that female Madaris produce a cluster of females for perpetuating patriarchal structure of society underthe garb ofreligiosity. The teachings in female Madaris are based upon selected knowledge that is controlled and interpreted by menfor their hegemonic interest. This teaching and interpretation of knowledge from men’s perspective and its internalization by female students leads them to adopt false consciousness. The study finds that female Madaris strengthen patriarchy and male hegemony instead of empowering women. Thus, it is concluded that female Madaris of Pakhtun society are reproducing the existing Pakhtun patriarchal normsandstructures. These institutions receive financial support from local and international actors coupled with access to political power structure. These Madaris, in return, promise to keepintact the vested interest of the actor/donors implicitly.
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    UNDERSTANDING THE TREND OF SOCIAL CAPITAL BUILDING IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF EDUCATION IN PAKISTAN Submitted
    (Department Of Sociology, University Of Peshawar, 2009) Aminullah Ph.D SCholar( Sociology); Supervisor Prof. Dr. Johar Ali
    This project aims to analyze the implications of social capital building at community levels through policy implementations for the development of education in Pakistan. The policy is envisaged to furnish its aims and objectives through establishing links between schools and communities in the form of Parent-Teacher-Councils. The councils are formal bodies embodying the essence of private and public partnership focusing upon providing better standard of education for all children. In order to paint a refined picture of the issue, multiple case study design is adopted to analyze data from three different districts of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. The cases are different with regards to socio-economic conditions, literacy rate, employment opportunities, sources of communications, nature and distribution of population and gender wise structure of the communities. The study extended to the three districts helps us understand the phenomenon in wider context. The data collected is composed of individual/group interviews along with personal observations in the field. Parents, teachers, PTC members, principals and students are selected for interviews from four different schools/communities in each district. PTC meetings are also observed coupled with studying the record of the councils. The study is taken as repercussion of synergy view of social capital, treated as a resource in obtaining Epstein’s six types of parental involvement. Each chapter is designed to revolve around this central proposition theoretically and caters for possible explanation in the prevailing situations. The study exhibits that introduction of PTC as a tool of social capital building largely failed to play a vital role in attracting community for improving the quality of education. Among many reasons, lack of government’s interest, poor socio-economic conditions and bureaucratic structures of school, are few of the important factors curtailing the outputs of the councils. However, the councils delivered encouragingly in some areas characterized by high literacy, sound economic conditions, gender based relationships and democratic attitude. Hence, it is concluded that PTC is a source of social capital building and can be more effective in achieving the targets of Epstein’s model in developing countries if hindrance in its way, as revealed above, are properly addressed.