Browsing by Author "Supervisor Prof.Dr.Bashir Ahmad"

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    CHARACTERIZATION OF ANTIBIOTIC PRODUCING SOIL MICROORGANISMS AGAINST HUMAN PATHOGENIC BACTERIA, ISOLATED FROM HOSPITILIZED PATIENTS IN KHYBER PAKHTUNKHWA
    (Center of Biotechnology & Microbiology, University of Peshawar, 2013) Riaz Muhammad; Supervisor Prof.Dr.Bashir Ahmad
    Pathogenic bacteria are medically very important as they caused various diseases, develop resistance against antibiotics and that is why require great concern worldwide. Most prominent antibiotic resistant pathogens are Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Vancomycin intermediate Staphylococcus aureus (VISA), Vancomycin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (VRSA), multi drugs resistant Pseudomonas aeroginosa, extended spectrum beta-lactamases producing Escherichia coli and Enterobacteraciae spp. which cause hospital acquired and community acquired infections. Methicillin and Oxacillin were considered as potent antibiotics against S. aureus infection but unfortunately more than 50% S. aureus resistance to these drugs have been reported from different countries recently. Now Vancomycin is the drug of choice for the treatment of MRSA infection but unfortunately due to the misuse of antibiotics VRSA have been recently evolved. In Khyber Pakhtunkhwa pathogenic bacteria have developed resistance to mostly prescribed antibiotics. According to our survey mostly Oxacillin, Meropenem, Amikacin, Ciprofloaxacin, Ofloaxacin, Piperacillin/Tazobactam and Vancomycin antibiotics are prescribed against bacterial infections in hospitalized patients. Bacterial resistance to these antibiotics has also been reported from different geographical locations of Pakistan. Drug resistance is a serious problem which is often a consequence of the failure of control strategies. In the current scenario our options to deal with the antibiotic resistant bacterial pathogens limited or in-effective. As the resistance evolved comparatively rapidly due to the irrational antibiotic use, therefore we expect a much faster evolutionary rate in a third world country like Pakistan. The problem of resistance could be tackled in several ways including synthetic modification in the existing drugs or looking for novel compounds for neutralizing the threat.
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    Phytochemical and Bioassay Screening for Fruits of Sarcococca Saligna (D.Don) Muel and Aerial Parts of Astragalus Anisacanthus
    (Center of Biotechnology & Microbiology, University of Peshawar, 2016) Saima Naz; Supervisor Prof.Dr.Bashir Ahmad
    Crude methanolic extract (Crd. MeOH Ext.) and different fractions ofS. saligna fruits were investigated for various pharmacological / biological activities; Antimicrobial (Antibacterial and Antifungal) Brine-shrimplethality, Phytotoxic, Heamagglutination, Insecticidal, Anti-termites, Diphenyl Picryl Hydrazine (DPPH) free radical scavenging assay, Acute toxicity, Analgesic, locomotr, Antidepressant and Gastro Intestinal Tract Motility (GIT). These pharmacological activities revealed that the plant possess good antibacterial, anti-termite, analgesic activity and GIT Motility. Moderate phytotoxic activity was shown bythe test samples at higher concentration (1000p:g/ml). Low antifungal, insecticidal, cytotoxic, locomotor and antidepressant activity was shown by various fractions of this plant. A concentration dependent DPPH free radical scavenging activity was shownby the test samples and moderate ECso (58.61pg/ml). Fruits of the plant lack phytolectin as no heamagglutination activity was observed against human erythrocytes. The S. saligna fruits extract significantly inhibited the germination of wheat seeds (20g/72hrs). S. saligna fruits showed the presence of carbohydrates, proteins, alkaloids, sterols and triterpenoids, phenols, flavonoids, tannins and saponins. Elemental analysis showed the presence of Sodium (Na), Magnesium (Mg), Zinc (Zn), Potassium (K), Nickel (Ni), Copper (Cu), Lead (Pb), Manganese (Mn), Cobalt (Co), Cadmium (Cd), Iron (Fe) and Chromium (Cr ). The proximat analysis showed carbohydrate, proteins, fibers, fats and moisture content in fairly large amounts. The Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) technique was used to determine the morphology ofthe S. saligna fruits powder. The Energy Dispersive X-rays (EDX) technique was utilized to determine elemental composition. Maximum number of oil component were identified through GC-MS analysis.