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Item An Evaluation of Public Sector Teacher Education Program in Khyber Pakhtonkhwa(Institute of Education and Research, University of Peshawar, 2012) Amjad Reba; Supervised by Dr. Arbab Khan AfridiThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the teacher education program in Khyber-Pakhtonkhwa based upon a survey and interview of the directors, principals, teachers and trainees perceptions, so as to identify the effectiveness and expected benefits of the program. The objectives of the study were, to point out perception of the trainees of different programs related to different aspects of teacher education institutes, to compare the perception of elementary and secondary trainee teachers related to different aspects of teacher education institutes and to suggest a ten year action plan for teacher education institutes in Khyber-Pakhtonkhwa. To obtain quantitative and qualitative data in the study, mixed methodology was used which employed a survey questionnaire with 72 items and interview contained 20 items grouped under seven broad categories that is learning aids/technology, curriculum & courses, admissions, teaching & learning, evaluation, research activities and teaching practice. Ten regional institutes for teacher education (RITEs), five each male and female and five institutes of education and research (IERs) Similarly, 50 trainees and OS teachers’ from each institute were also selected randomly. The total sample includes 750 trainees, 75 teachers and 15 principals/ directors. Survey questionnaires received from trainees were 600 with 60 from teachers and 16 from directors and principals. The data were collected through survey questionnaires from the teachers, trainees’ responses. Interviews from directors and principals focused on the different aspects of teacher training institutes program in Khyber-Pakhtonkhwa. The data gathered through these various sources were triangulated to enhance the quality or the reliability of the data. To analyze quantitative data, statistical procedures were run using SPSS version 16.0. Teachers and trainees perceptions about the teacher education program were analyzed by using descriptive statistics (%, frequency). Secondly, the Kruskal Wallis H test was implemented to examine the difference between different programs trainee teachers and elementary and secondary level respondents. It was also used to examine the difference in the teacher's status and about different aspects of teacher education program. The Mann-Whitney test was used to test the difference of different aspects regarding teacher education program such as gender and between teachers and trainees. As for as qualitative data analysis is concerned, the results from the interview with directors and principals were documented, while taking notes by the researcher. With some adaptation, the analytic approach was used for the analysis ofqualitative data in this study. It was found that up to 47% trainees and 33% teachers do not have internet facility in their institutes. Nearly 40% ofthe trainees revealed that seminar, work shop and conferences were not carried outin the institutes. Halfofthe teachers and trainees responded that curriculum can not accommodate individual differences and aims can not be achieved through the present curriculum. Most of the 78.5% trainees and 78.3% teachers admitted the fact that faculty members were cooperative. Approximately 61.7% teachers and 47.7% trainees reported that there were hindrances in the teaching learning process. According to 35.3% of trainees 46.7% teachers malpractices were observed in examination. As far as the procedure of the lesson plans is concerned 47.3% trainees and 70.3% teachers admitted that they were out dated and about 70% trainees and teachers responded that lesson plan need modification. It is concluded that there was a difference between different aspects of programs. There was a difference between different aspects ofprograms and different vi levels (ie elementary and secondary) for admission and research activities scales and levels among the respondents with marginal significance for evaluation. The qualitative data reflect broad consensus that access for every learner to modern technology could be made possible. There is always a strong base for the argument about the need for allocation of budget to education. As reflected by the respondents, curriculum must be equipped with the national and international requirements. The curriculum of all teacher training institutes needs proper modifications. The situation is further compounded bythe fact that manyteachersjoin teaching by chance not by choice. So it is obligatory to conduct aptitude tests before admission. The data reflect broad consensus that trainees need active participation so passive listening on the part of the learner may be avoided. The teacher should take initiative to use the learning aids properly and activate the learner. Most of the participants of this study tend to concentrate upon the use of assessment in different ways and before assessing the learner have to know about the nitty gritty of assessment. The data reflect broad consensus that a teacher may be a good researcher and must be able to tackle classroom problems. There is a need to link research with that all vacant posts in teacher training institutes may be filled, to introduce modern assessment techniques, to strengthen teaching practicum and improve research activities in teacher education institutes. An action plan was launched for further implementationItem Analysis of Attitude and Practices of Students at Tertiary Level Towards Civic Education in the Province of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.(Institute of Education and Research, University of Peshawar, 2015) Ateeq Ahmad Tariq; Supervised by Dr. Hafiz Muhammad InamullahCivic Education being value education has been an indispensable part of the Textbooks in the province of Khyber Pakhtunkhwaof Pakistan, like the other provinces of the country. The present study aimed at analyzing the attitudes and practices ofthe studentsat tertiary level towards civic education. The objectives of the study were, to analyze the currentattitudes and practices of the students at tertiary level towards civic education; to assess the level of awareness of the students; to evaluate the attitudes of students towards rights and duties as a citizen and as a human being; to compare the attitudes and behaviors of the male and female students of the universities of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa; to explore the ways of bringing Civic Education into practice at all levels of education; and the identification of the areas of further research. One thousand male and female students of the public sector universities of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan were taken as a sample. A questionnaire was developed, translated and administered in Urdu for the convenience of the sampled students. The data was coded,tabulated, and analyzed byStatistical Package for Social Sciences(S.P.S.S.) The results showed that though the prevailing style ofpolitics, the situation of law and order and polarization are polluting environment of the country, however, the students were hopeful and had faith in democracy. Theresults further revealed that the students were better human beings than citizens. According to the results, there were confusions and differences betweenattitudes and practices regarding different aspects of civic education. A visible difference could be seen between male and female students in someofthe studied aspects.It was found that a separate course of civic education is needed to be developed and taught at tertiary level. However, the existing courses and lessonsgiving civic education were also found to be in need oftheattention of experts and re-visit ofthe curriculum developers to address the shortcomings in the existing courses and made them in accordance with the needs of the present age, based on the rational objectivity, historical and cultural background in such a manner which impart and inculcate ability, skills, knowledge and strength of character to make the learnera better citizen and a human being whois well- adjusted in the society of Pakistan and the world at large.Item Factors Affecting the Career Choices of Secondary School Students in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan(Institute of Education and Research, 2016) Alam Zeb; Supervised by Prof. Dr. Arshad AliThe exploration of appropriate career choice is an important landmark in the lives of secondary school students which determine their future occupations and career outcomes, having implications both for the individual students and society. The choice of careers in secondary schools is influenced by students’ personal, environmental and behavioral factors, therefore; the study aimed at the exploration of career choices of secondary school students, identification of factor affecting these choices, investigating the influence of specific career choice factors, i.e. personality, parents and family, school, socio-cultural and career outcomes on the career choice decisions of students and the development of effectivestrategies for career guidance of secondary school students. The study used Mixed methods explanatory sequential design for the collection and analysis of data. The population of the study was all the students, parents, teachers and heads of the 345 public sector, Higher secondary schools of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. A sample of 1220 research participants was selected through multi stage cluster sampling technique for the collection of large scale quantitative data and a sample of 50 respondents was selected through purposive sampling for the collection of small scale qualitative data. For the collection of quantitative data the researcher developed self-constructed Likert type questionnaires and validated them through pilot testing. The quantitative data were collected through questionnaires and analyzed through the use of percentages and Chi-square statistics with the application of Statistical Package for Social Sciences. The analysis of quantitative data provided the general description of the phenomenon and identified areas which needed further explanation; therefore, Semi structured Interview guides were prepared and administered for further exploration of the specified themes through qualitative data. The qualitative data were analyzed through transcribing data from the data sheets and identification of themes for the interpretation. Then both the data sets were merged and interpreted together. The study explored, Medical, Teaching, Engineering, and Armed forces as major career choices of secondary schools’ students and identified parents, students’ personalities, socioeconomic status, families, society and its traditions as major factors affecting the career choices of students. Regarding the influence of specific 16 career choice factors, the study further demonstrated the significant influences of personality, parents and family, school, socio-cultural and career outcome factors on the career choices of students at secondary level. The study revealed significant gender wise differences in career choices and the influence of career choice factors on the career choices of male and female students. Medical, Engineering, Teaching and Armed forces were found as prominent career choices of male and Medical and Teaching as prominent career choices of female students. Males were more influenced by the factors of personality and females by parents and family and sociocultural factors in the choice of their careers. The study highlighted the career guidance needs of secondary schools’ students, identified the non-availability of career guidance facilities in schools and established effective career guidance strategies for career guidance of secondary level students. Keeping in view the career guidance needs of secondary schools’ students, the study recommended the provision of career guidance facilities, appointment of trained career guides, mechanism for identification of students’ interests and aptitudes for integration with their career choice decisions, development of career guidance website, the use of social media for career guidance and the active role of policy makers for the provision of career guidance facilities in secondary schools as effective strategies of career guidance for students at this level. The study also provided practical and theoretical implications of the research and identified areas for future researches.Item COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF PhD DISSERTATIONS ON EDUCATION IN PAKISTAN(Institute of Education and Research, University Of peshawar, 2013-01) Sultan Muhammad; Supervisor Dr. Muhammad NemanThe study focused on the evaluation of PhD dissertations on education in Pakistan and the comparison of dissertations conducted under HEC and UGC. The objectives of the research were; to explore the quality of research in Pakistan, to compare the quality of research of HEC and UGC, and to design instrument for the evaluation of research dissertations. All the PhD dissertations of social sciences identified the target population and from that population the researcher selected education discipline. Total PhD dissertations of education consist of 308, the researcher further delimited the study to all those dissertations that were downloadable with required permissions and fulfilled the evaluation criteria of the rubric. After the exclusion of dissertations, a total 178 dissertation were left for evaluation on the rubric. The researcher adapted and developed the rubric from different rubrics developed for evaluation of dissertations. The researcher collected data using 20 points instrument sheet with five point’s categorical scale, namely Excellent, Good, Satisfactory, Unsatisfactory, and Not included scale. For every dissertation one sheet was used, of the 178 dissertations, 131 were from HEC and 47 were from UGC. For the analysis of data the researcher used two methods, one was percentage while the other was statistical software to test the hypothesis which posed in the introduction section.Item An Analytical Study of Questioning Leading to Critical Thinking in Classrooms(Institute of Education and Research, University Of peshawar, 2014) Wilayat Bibi Ph. D Scholar; Supervisor Dr. Hafiz Muhammad InamullahQuestioning is one of the most commonly used techniques at the disposal of teachers during teaching to check students’ level of understanding about the concepts. Questioning technique assists teachers to communicate them about the level of understanding of their students. Questions are promoting students’ creativity in classroom interaction. Without higher order, thought provoking questions, learning become little more than memorization. Questions, if asked intelligently not only elicit information and develop cognitive thinking processes but also develop analytical and critical thinking. Perhaps a few studies have been carried out on this vital issue in the Pakistani classroom situation. The overall purpose of the proposed study was to investigate questioning leading to critical thinking in the classrooms setting. It was focused to determine the levels of questions keeping in view the Bloom’s Taxonomy. The study was also focused to analyze lower and higher order questions and to explore convergent and divergent questions at secondary and tertiary levels. The study was an observational type of the descriptive method. The target population composed of 21965 teachers at Secondary Level and 3000 teachers at Tertiary Level in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa.Item EVALUATION OF GUIDANCE AND COUNSELLING PROGRAMMES IN THE TEACHER TRAINING INSTITUTIONS OF PAKISTAN(Institute of Education and Research, University Of peshawar, 1998-06) Wazim Khan; Supervisor Prof. Dr. S. Zulfiqar Hussain GillaniThe main purpose of the study was evaluation of Guidance and Counselling programmes in the teacher training institutions of Pakistan. Guidance is concerned with the entire personality of the individual. Education includes all the processes that develop human ability and behaviour. So, Guidance and Counselling occupies an important place in education. To assess the attitudes of teacher-educators and prospective trainees toward these programmes, samples were gathered from Institutes of Education and Research (I.E.R's) and select teacher training colleges.Item Study of Researches Completed by the Social Scientists of Peshawar University at Ph.D and M.Phil level (1970-1998)(Institute of Education and Research (I. E. R) , University Of peshawar, 1998-09) Zakia Hakeem; Supervisor Prof. Dr. Mah Nazir RiazThe present study aimed at collecting information about the research work done at Ph. D and M. Phil level in the disciplines of Social Sciences in Peshawar University. For this purpose a sample consisting of all the Social Scientists who have completed their research during 1970-98 from Peshawar University was selected. The instrument used consisted of a questionnaire and a proforma asking details of research work as well as problems and issues faced by the research scholars was administered. The data showed that in some departments sufficient research work has been carried out continuously in three decades (1970-98) at both levels. Few departments have not shown continuous as well as sufficient research work. The Social Scientists of Peshawar University faced many problems during their research. They were not provided with proper financial support, library, laboratory and conveyance facilities, secretarial assistance, typing and computer services. Recommendations have been made to compensate them in the future for research work.Item Analysis of School Effectiveness at Secondary Level in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa(Institute of Education and Research, University Of peshawar, 2016) Salma Sami; Supervisor Dr. Muhammad NomanFrom many years it is being heard that schools are not performing in reality what is being expected from its performance. Slowly an innovative streak of school success study started to become visible that controverter this depressing image and start restoring the sanguinity and inspiration of both school community and the common civic. The aim of the proposed study was an analysis of school effectiveness at secondary level in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa of Pakistan. The aim of the projected research was to investigate strong instructional management function of Heads of government schools of KPK, to study clear school goals of government high schools in KPK, to evaluate safe and orderly school climate of government high schools in KPK, to identify various purposes and expectations assigned to schools to evaluate frequent monitoring and assessment of students progress to know about high expectations for students performance and to formulate own conception of what constitute a good school. The target population was all the 1759 government high schools (1229 male and 530 female schools) of 24 districts of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, 21965 teachers(16223 male and 5742 females) and 1759 principals both1229 male and 530 female (Govt. of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa,2011).From the above population, 60 Govt. Girls high schools, ten each were selected to participate in the study from districts Peshawar, Huripur, Abbotabad, D.I.Khan , Mardan and Kohat. A cluster sampling technique was used to select 60 schools, 600 female teachers and 60 principals from selected schools in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa of Pakistan.Item AN EVALUATION OF PUBLIC SECTOR TEACHER EDUCATION PROGRAMIN KHYBER PAKHTONKHWA(Institute of Education and Research, University Of peshawar, 2012) Amjad Reba Ph. D; Supervisor Prof. Dr. Arbab Khan AfridiThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the teacher education program in Khyber-Pakhtonkhwa based upon a survey and interview of the directors, principals, teachers and trainees perceptions, so as to identify the effectiveness and expected benefits of the program. The objectives of the study were, to point out perception of the trainees of different programs related to different aspects of teacher education institutes, to compare the perception of elementary and secondary trainee teachers related to different aspects of teacher education institutes and to suggest a ten year action plan for teacher education institutes in Khyber-Pakhtonkhwa. To obtain quantitative and qualitative data in the study, mixed methodology was used which employed a survey questionnaire with 72 items and interview contained 20 items grouped under seven broad categories that is learning aids/technology, curriculum & courses, admissions, teaching & learning, evaluation, research activities and teaching practice. Ten regional institutes for teacher education (RITEs), five each male and female and five institutes of education and research (IERs) Similarly, 50 trainees and OS teachers’ from each institute were also selected randomly. The total sample includes 750 trainees, 75 teachers and 15 principals/ directors. Survey questionnaires received from trainees were 600 with 60 from teachers and 16 from directors and principals. The data were collected through survey questionnaires from the teachers, trainees’ responses. Interviews from directors and principals focused on the different aspects of teacher training institutes program in Khyber-Pakhtonkhwa. The data gathered through these various sources were triangulated to enhance the quality or the reliability of the data. To analyze quantitative data, statistical procedures were run using SPSS version 16.0. Teachers and trainees perceptions about the teacher education program were analyzed by using descriptive statistics (%, frequency). Secondly, the Kruskal Wallis H test was implemented to examine the difference between different programs trainee teachers and elementary and secondary level respondents. It was also used to examine the difference in the teacher's status and about different aspects of teacher education program. The Mann-Whitney test was used to test the difference of different aspects regarding teacher education program such as gender and between teachers and trainees. As for as qualitative data analysis is concerned, the results from the interview with directors and principals were documented, while taking notes by the researcher. With some adaptation, the analytic approach was used for the analysis of qualitative data in this study.Item A STUDY OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF HIGHER EDUCATION WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO UNIVERSITY EDUCATION IN PAKISTAN DURING THE PERIOD 1960-83(Institute of Education and Research, University Of peshawar, 1986) Dr. S. A. Ghaffar Asstt. ProfessorItem An Enquiry as to The Relevance of the Philosophy of Education of Maulana Ashraf Ali Thanvi to the Present Day Needs of Education in Pakistan(Institute of Education and Research, University Of peshawar, 1991) Mian Bashir Ahmad; Supervisor Professor Maulana Muhammad AshrafItem IMPACT OF CONDUCTING ACTION RESEARCH BY SECONDARY SCHOOL TEACHERS ON THEIR PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT(Institute of Education and Research, University Of peshawar, 2016-05) Muhammad Asif Ali; Supervisor Dr. Arbab Khan AfridiThis research aimed to study the impact of conducting action research on the professional development of secondary school teachers in KPK (Pakistan) and to spot diverse elements of particular attention for thought which could be a factor in the professional development of school teachers in Pakistan. The study was unique in the sense that in Pakistan there is no culture of research at school level[fact]; action research was used as a tool for professional development of teachers at school level. Action research is considered as a systematic process of reflection, inquiry and taking action by the individuals to improve their own professional practices (Frost, 2002, p.25). This study reports on, how teachers can improve themselves to enhance their professional competencies, using action research. For professional development one should be a reflective practitioner, this means that one is capable of; studying his own practice and developing educational theories based upon that practice (McNiff, J. 2002). It also discloses the strategies of applying action research, inside a classroom in Pakistani context (Kemmis, & McTaggart, R.2003, pp.336-340). During the discourse of this study the benefit accrued to teachers using action research in their classrooms were also highlighted. Beside this the challenges that teachers faced in implementing action research in their classrooms emerged. The objective of this research was to introduce Action research to teachers; for improving their teaching style and professional development; to enable them to challenge their own practices by following the systematic multi cyclic four stage model of Action research (Kemmis, 1982) and improve their teaching styles by studying what they practice. The tools of data collection included; pre and post intervention interviews; lesson planning, lesson observation, post lesson discussion and feedback and reflective journals. The study was di-pronged, it contributed to the professional developmentItem A Study of the Nature of Changes in the Secondary level Biology Curriculum since 1960(Institute of Education and Research, University Of peshawar, 1996-06) Miss Shafqat Perveen; Supervisor Dr. S. Abdul GhaffarCurriculum development is a dynamic and continuous process, it is subject to change in view of the changing socio-economic and political scenario. It is changed when it is not consistent with the national aspirations and goals of education. It is changed when it loses balance, integration and relationship within and among various disciplines. Biology as an important scientific discipline, has been gaining currency doing the last three decades, and plays significant role in the field of science. It helps in understanding ourselves, our environment and the world around us. Such were the guiding spirit that inspired the researcher to study in depth the nature and process of changes and developments of biology curriculum offered at secondary level in Pakistan Since 1960. The main objectives governing the study are to study the nature of changes brought about in biology curriculum, to identify factors and forces warranting such changes, to identify the problems and issues inhibiting proper implementation of die curriculum in the class room and also to formulate guide-lines for not only correcoding the situation but to make it more responsive to the challenges of the 21st century. The study is hoped to infarience the policy of the government and will provide feed back on the operational status of the curriculum.Item Development of a strategy for restructuring secondary education in the light of policy initiatives of government of N.W.F.P(Institute of Education and Research, University Of peshawar, 1996-06) Major Muhammad Younis, AEC; Supervisor Dr. Muhammad Ashraf AdeelBackground: A dynamic system of education is always responsive to the ideological as well as ever growing societal needs. Secondary education is one of the most crucial stages of education in Pakistan because it serves as a terminal stage for a sizeable section of our student population. It should, therefore, produce high school graduates with sound character and marketable skills so that they are easily absorbed into the world of work, as productive citizens. The need for high school reform has widely been felt by the public opinion and acknowledged by various policy documents, for the last four decades. It has also been realized that the system needs complete overhaul at the level of basic structure due to widespread criticism of its irrelevant goals, inappropriate methods, inefficient use of human and financial resources and in co-ordination amongst these. Resultantly, despite our professions to the contrary, we are mainly producing students for entry into higher education. In view of the economic realities at the national level and the trends in secondary education at international level, it is imperative to evolve a strategy to restructure our secondary education.Item THE EDUCATIONAL MOVEMENTS IN KHYBER PAKHTUNKHWA WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO ANJUMAN-I-ISLAHUL AFAGHINA: (1901-1947)(Institute of Education and Research, University Of peshawar, 2015) Muhammad Sohail Ph.D. Scholar; Supervisor Muhammad Sohail Ph.D. ScholarAnjuman-i-islahul Afaghina was an educational, social, intellectual and political awakening movement often strived for the reformation of the Pakhtun society before partition. The educational services offered by the Anjuman contributed in quantity and quality to the disadvantaged Pakhtuns of the North West Frontier province, now Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. The literacy ratio of the province enhanced by 0.9 % between 1921 and 1931 after the establishment of the Anjuman-i- Islahul Afaghina in 1921, which was phenomenal at that time. The previous decade showed a decline in the literacy rate. Apart from its quantified goal, that it achieved, qualitative enrichment visualized in the form of creative learning. After the merge of the Anjuman in Khudai Khidmatgar movement in 1931 at its annual meeting, a new era of educational paradigm started in shape of education through non- formal mode. The Khudai Khidmatgar movement, innovative in approach, attained formidable success in educating the masses. Its awakening effort resulted in two consecutive wins for it in the general election of the province in 1937 and 1946. However, the regime foe, as usual, to its birth, de seated them twice. They, preliminary, were given ministries and not the government. The movement hosted a new theory of leadership attainable through training. Similar is the case with administration, management and supervision of an educational entity, to which ‘leadership training’ can add an organizational excellence. No doubt, the foe of the movement, the locals, and regimes across the Durand line, made extra ordinary barriers to it. However, the history upon the Pakhtuns, will preserve it, for the rest of the time. Its intellectual worth is sublime.Item ANXIETY PREVALENCE AND ITS ACADEMIC INFLUENCES AMONG UNIVERSITY STUDENTS(Institute of Education and Research, University Of peshawar, 2013) Khisro Kaleem Raza; Supervisor Dr. Arbab Khan AfridiNaturally, every individual strives for getting satisfaction and to avoid negative outcomes. A future oriented fear of a sort without avoidance refers to anxiety, which, in its mild state acts as a source of motivation, however, it may lead to malfunctioning in its severe form. The present study aimed to investigate the prevalence of anxiety among the students at university level and to find out its influences over academic performance. The study also focused on the major causal factors or correlates of anxiety among university students. Few researches have been carried out on anxiety as a vital psychological aspect of academic performance and to analyze its causal factors among university students, specifically in Pakistan. The main objective of the study was to determine the anxiety levels of university students and to compare it with their academic grades in the last exam. The study was significant as its findings and conclusions may support the university teachers, administrators and examination conducting authorities to adopt appropriate strategies for teaching and evaluation, while keeping in view the anxiety levels of students. It also seems helpful for university students to overcome academic dysfunction caused by severe anxiety. To achieve the stated objectives, the master level students of 16th grade of University of Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan were selected out of which thirty percent (proportionate) sample from 32 postgraduate departments of all of the six faculties, for the session 2011-12 was taken. The total number of students taken was758, (n=758), including 442 males and 316 females.Item BULLYING AS A SOCIAL PROBLEM IN SECONDARY SCHOOLS OF KHYBER PAKHTUNKHWA(Institute of Education and Research, University Of peshawar, 2014) Jehangir Shah; Supervisor Dr. Hafiz Muhammad InamullahThe overall purpose of the proposed study was to analyze bullying as a social problem in Secondary Schools of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. The objectives of the proposed study were to explore physical, verbal and social bullying in Secondary Schools of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, to evaluate the nature of bullying among male and female students in Secondary Schools of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, to investigate objectively the causes and effects of bullying in Secondary Schools of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, to suggest workable anti bullying strategies in Secondary Schools of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa towards bullying and to compare ways of bullying of boys and girls in Secondary Schools of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. The target population was all the principals, teachers and students, both male and female, from the public Secondary Schools of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. The sample was selected through random stratified sampling techniques. A sample of 1800, (30 principals, 270 teachers and 1500 students) were selected from six districts of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa including Charsadda, Mardan Nowshera, Peshawar, Malakand and Swabi. Five (four boys and one girl), public Secondary Schools of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa were randomly selected from each selected district. From each district five (05) principals, forty five (45) teachers and two hundred and fifty (250) students participated in the study. From each school a principal, nine (09) teachers and fifty (50) students (25 each from class 9th and 10th) were selected as sample of the study. To achieve the objectives of the study, three questionnaires containing same items, were prepared one each for principals, teachers and students, to get their perception on bullying. The data was collected, tabulated, analyzed and interpreted by using Chi Square method.Item A Critical Analysis of Pakistan Studies Curricula(Institute of Education and Research, University Of peshawar, 2012) Iqbal Khan Ph. D Research Scholar; Supervisor Prof. Dr. Muhmmad Jahanzeb KhanThe study was planned to critically analyze Pakistan Studies curricula. The main objectives of the study were to assess the contents of Pakistan Studies for secondary, higher secondary, and bachelor level with special reference to the principles of survival, interest and utility, analyze the vertical alignment in Pakistan Studies curricula, and analyze the contents of Pakistan Studies in the light of its objectives like students’ needs and social purpose. Data were collected from two hundred ten (210) teachers of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and two hundred ten (210) students of University of Peshawar. Chi-square test and percentages were used for data analysis. The results show that Pakistan Studies contents are capable of satisfying the aspirations of mankind for a higher and richer culture and interests of learners and focus on their social development. The curriculum of Pakistan Studies highlights the importance of national integration, unity and patriotism, and does not promote an understanding of the country's ideology. It also helps students in recognizing their rights and duties, and develops their civic sense. Further results show that the contents of Pakistan Studies provide the opportunities for social intercommunication and also help to promote citizenship activities. The encouraging aspect of the study is that Pakistan Studies contents are valid, accurate, and based on historical facts. The study suggests that such contents may be included in Pakistan Studies curriculum which help in keeping students mentally fit to use their hands and minds properly to solve their social problems.Item Activities Based on Low Cost Materials (Equipment, Glassware, Chemicals) in Teaching Chemistry at Secondary School Level in Pakistan(Institute of Education & Research University of Peshawar, NWFP, Pakistan, 1998) Iflat A. Hussain; Supervisor Dr. S. Abdul GhaffarScience education has remained one of the top priority issues of developing countries for the last few decades. In this age of science and technology, the developing countries face an increasing demand for scientific and technical manpower due to the increased awareness and emphasis on rapid industrialization as well as agricultural development on the national level. It Is now well recognized that science education has a direct and very significant influence on numerous activities in the daily life and environment of both rural and urban communities. It is in this context that the natural and physical sciences, study and use of environment and local resources has been recognized as one of the basic areas of school curriculum in many developing countries including Pakistan. Keeping in view the significance, study In hand is selected to design low cost activities based on low cost materials (equipment, glassware, chemicals) in teaching chemistry at secondary school level in Pakistan.Item A Critical Analysis of the Effectiveness of the Teaching Methods of Quran and Sunnah at Secondary Level(Institute of Education and Research, University Of peshawar, 2013) Farzana Bukhari; Supervisor Dr. Mohammad NomanThe main purpose of the study was to identify effective and suitable methods for teaching the students at secondary level. In order to derive the desired objective the teaching methods of Quran and Sunnah and traditional methods were selected for teaching English grammar parts of speech, tenses, stories and composition at secondary level. The research study was experimental in nature and GGHS Tarnab Farm Peshawar Khyber Pakhtunkhwa was selected as sample through purposive sampling. There were two sections of class 9th in the school. From each section 30 students were selected randomly through new draw method techniques. One group was considered as experimental and other as control group. One of the teachers from the same school was selected to teach both the group English grammar (part of speech, tenses, stories, and composition in separate period of 40 minutes daily. For the control group teacher used traditional method while experimental group was taught by teaching methods of Quran and Sunnah. The researcher briefed and guided the teacher for both the traditional method and teaching methods of Quran and Sunnah, direct method, lecture method, question/answer method. The experiment was conducted in 48 working days. Two achievement tests were administered in the subject of English at secondary level. Pre-tets was administered before starting the experiment while post test was administered on completion of experimental task.