KINEMATICS OF THE OROCLINAL BENDING OF JALALPUR AREA EASTERN SALT RANGE, PUNJAB, PAKISTA
| dc.contributor.author | AZMAT ULLAH ORAKZAI | |
| dc.date.accessioned | 2025-01-27T10:05:07Z | |
| dc.date.available | 2025-01-27T10:05:07Z | |
| dc.date.issued | 2016 | |
| dc.description.sponsorship | The NW Himalayan folds and thrusts belt of northern Pakistan is present at the western periphery of main Himalayan belt, exhibiting strike changes from north-south to northwest-southeast to the west and east direction, respectively. The Salt Range represents the youngest southernmost Himalayan deformation and is present in the apex of major Himalayan oroclinal deflection. The stratigraphic sequence of the area ranges in age from Precambrian Salt Range Formation to Quaternary Lei Conglomerate with four prominent unconformities. This research work deals with the oroclinal bending developed in the Eastern Salt Range with special emphasis on the kinematic relationship of different trending regional structures and its restoration to an undeformed state has been accomplished with the help of 2D and 3D modules of the Move software. The study area has gone through different stages of strike slip tectonics with zippered junction zone and associated thrusting and folding produced an unusual deformation and rotation to hold variance in the displacement vectors. The overall structural geometry of the area has undergone through three major phases of deformation, the older southward propagating stress phase has uplifted the Salt Range Front and Jogi Tilla Ridge, whereas the younger phase of stress vector propagating from the southeastnorthwest direction towards hinterland has brought Chambal Ridge as a Back-Thrust sheet over younger Mollase sequence of the Range Front. The current oroclinal bending developed in the research area shows In-sequence and out of sequence thrusting phenomena with break back sequence and forward breaking sequence of faulting, though prominent strike slip faults have facilitated them at the later stages. The Sinistral sense of Jalalpur Sharif lineament has displaced the Salt Range Front and Jogi Tilla Ridge from each other with simple shear component parallel to its strike, thatxi has lateral displacement within the Mollase sequence. The dextral sense of Pind Sawika lineament present at the northern margin of Chambal Ridge has facilitated the younger compressive stress vector to move Chambal Back-Thrust sheet towards hinterland side, it has finally joined the Jalalpur Sharif lineament in the NW direction as a closing zipper junction zone. The concavity developed in the NW corner of the mapped area shows another dextral strike slip fault that has translated the region towards NE direction and merged with the older strike slip lineament. Besides the crowding of major thrust faults, a large synclinal structure known as Kotal Kund Syncline occupies the central and northern half of the study area and finally terminates near the zippering of strike slip faults. The amount of shortening calculated through cross section balancing techniques shows a total of 46 % and 49 % shortening along cross section lines. | |
| dc.identifier.uri | http://repository.uop.edu.pk/123456789/359 | |
| dc.publisher | Department of Geology, University of Peshawar | |
| dc.relation.ispartofseries | 100000 | |
| dc.title | KINEMATICS OF THE OROCLINAL BENDING OF JALALPUR AREA EASTERN SALT RANGE, PUNJAB, PAKISTA |