Eastern Hundukush in Transition; Socio-Physical Changes and Their Impacts on Natural Resources in Dir Valley, Northern Pakistan

Abstract
Change and transformation in mountainous areas has become a subject of interest for scholars and scientists in the recent past and extensive research has been conducted on this issue around the world. There are three interlinked systems in the context of global change research in mountains i.e. the biophysical system; the socio-cultural system; and the natural resource management system, where any change in one system triggers off changes in the others. The existing literature reveals that in the past few decades a number of changes have occurred in various aspects of environment of the northern mountainous belt of Pakistan. These changes have occurred in a very short period of time driven by various natural and anthropogenic forces, and are still going on. The present study aims to study the phenomenon and consequences of changes in Dir Valley located in the Hindu Raj off-shoots of the eastern Hindukush Mountains. This region offers a wide potential for research in various sectors of life and environment. However, it is still unexplored and research activities are almost negligible. This research is focused on three broad aspects of change i.e. change in physical conditions; change in social setup; and the consequential impacts of these changes on natural resources and resource management strategies. Different tools and techniques were used for the collection and analysis of data regarding the above mentioned three different sets of variables.
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