DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF AN INDIGENOUS INTELLIGENCE TEST
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Date
2011
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Department of Psychology, University of Peshawar
Abstract
The aim of the study was to construct and standardize an Indigenous Intelligence
Test (IIT) to measure general intelligence ‘8’ and a screening tool for youth intending to
apply in Armed Forces, Public Service Commission and similar organizations where
English carries a status of official language. The items of IIT were developed with the help
ofmaterial obtained from own culture and were constructed in simple English language.
The IIT comprises of six sub-scales: Vocabulary, Arithmetic, Analogy, Information,
Comprehension, and Similarity. The test was planned to measure various aspects of
intelligence verbal ability, to understand concepts, general reasoning factor, element of
discovery, acquired knowledge, social intelligence, education of relations and correlates.
The usefulness of the items was judged through item analysis by administering the test to a
sample of200 subjects with minimum Intermediate qualification. Items were evaluated by
considering two main aspects; discrimination power and difficulty level. Items with
discriminatory power less than .30 and level o fdifficulty below .30 and above .70 were
discarded. The final draft of the test comprised of 71 items; Vocabulary and Arithmetic
sub-scales consists of 12 items each, Analogy 14, Information 11, Comprehension 12 and
Similarity 10. In the main study the test was administered to 1669 students both male and
Jemale, belonging to various Government Colleges & Universities offourprovinces ofthe
country including AJK and FATA. Candidates both from urban and rural areas were
included in the study. Two methods were used to establish reliability ofthe test i.e., KR 20
and Split-halfmethods. The estimatedindices ofreliability were, .79 and .69 respectively.
To determine validity of indigenous intelligence test different validity criteria were used
including urban/rural differences, province wise differences, correlation of the total test
and sub-scales (construct validity) and marks in last qualified examination to determine
concurrent validity Significant differences in the mean scores of the male and female
candidates on vocabulary, arithmetic, analogy and information were found whereas non
significant difference was observed on comprehension and Similarity sub scales.
Significant mean differences on vocabulary, arithmetic, analogy and information and non
significant difference on comprehension and similarity were also found. Inter-correlation
among the sub scales and IIT were calculated to determine construct validity of the test.
The concurrent validity was determined by correlating scores on II T with the college
marks obtained by each student in the last annual examination. Both indices established
the evidence of high validity of the test. Significant differences in urban/rural mean scores
on vocabulary, analogy, information, comprehension sub scales and IIT were observed
VvSignificant differences were also observed in Province wise mean scores on vocabulary,
arithmetic, analogy, information and comprehension sub scales. Whereas, non significant
mean scores were found on similarity sub scale. Income group wise comparison revealed
that higher the income groups better the performance. Percentile norms were developed
for IT and sub scales while administering the test on a sample of 1669 subjects
representative of Pakistani youth. In addition, province wise norms were also developed to
gauge true performance of candidates hailing from different provinces.