THE IMPACTS OF MIGRATION OF CHITRALESE TO PESHAWAR: A SOCIOLOGICAL ANALYSIS
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Date
2014-01-28
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INSTITUTE OF SOCIAL WORK, SOCIOLOGY AND GENDER STUDIES, UNIVERSITY OF PESHAWAR
Abstract
The present study was carried out to look into the prospects of migration as phenomena from Chitral to Peshawar with the aim of improvement in livelihood through the study objectives, like assessing the socio-economic status of the migrants, studying migration in the perspective of its pull and push factors, the remittances received from these migrants and along with effects on the relative life standards through exploring the relationship between push and pull factors. All those working in the Chitrali market, Peshawar were the potential population of the study with association to their relatives back in Chitral. A sample size of 500 Chitralese (mostly workers and businessmen) as household heads, 250 each from Peshawar and Chitral were randomly selected from the total population of 5000. Data were collected through a well designed interview schedule while ensuring the incorporation of each aspect of the study. Frequency distributions were carried out to dig out the information in percentage while for ascertaining the relationship between dependent variables i.e. (Income and family size) were cross tabulated through association test (2) with the independent variables. The study found that majority i.e. (74.4%) respondents were from the joint family system with monthly income ranges from (10001–20000) constituted the majority i.e. (78.4%) respectively. At bi-variate level, pre-migration occupation, family size, purpose of spending money, comparison between present and previous job, reason of migration to Peshawar, reason of leaving native area, wife execution of responsibilities at home and development of new habits of the migrants at the point of destination were found significant (p < 0.05) with family type (dependent variable). Moreover, push factors, pull factors, monthly expenditure, saving, amount of money being spent were found significant (p < 0.05) with income (dependent variable). In addition, T-test statistics were also carried out to measure the pre and post migration effects. It was found that amount spent on health, housing conditions, education of children, household goods, using agricultural inputs, spending on daily use items, livestock, indoor recreational facilities, women education, income, fuel consumption, and telephone/ cell facilities were found highly significant (P = 0.000).
The study concluded that people (migrants) had low income level at their native areas. Laborers were in abundance, as agriculture was the dominant profession. Formal education was of trivial nature while religious education in dominance was the most push factors. Upon the migration, migrants were found successful in enhancing their income, sending money (savings) to native areas. Remittances, received were contributing towards spending on children education, health and on over all improvement in the socio-economic profile of the respondents. Moreover, the income was found to be used for enhancement in educational excellence of the kids of migrants, along with structural modification in house construction and infra-structural development. In addition, only agricultural back at Chitral, migration made them exposed to iii joining new and innovative interventions in terms of jobs. Moreover, matriarchal traits were also discovered, where women were performing a leading role in the absence of males at their relative households. Based on the findings of the study, a well designed institutional mechanism of predicting and regulating the migration phenomena with sequential out-comes, designing a policy of development of the native areas in light of remittances received, while focusing on structural and functional growth of the area including construction of infrastructure facilities through provision of complete package were suggested as policy recommendations in light of the study.