MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY OF STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS, A CASE STUDY OF KHYBER PAKHTUNKHWA, PAKISTAN
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Date
2015
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Center of Biotechnology
Abstract
The present study was conducted from June 2010 to June 2014 in Khyber Teaching Hospital
(KTH) and Hayatabad Medical Complex (HMC), Peshawar, Pakistan to know about the
prevalence of resistance to antibiotics and molecular epidemiology of Staphylococcus
aureus. The specimens include pus, blood and urine received for culture and sensitivity. S.
aureus were identified at molecular level using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The
identified strains were subjected to antimicrobial testing by disc diffusion method and
minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) method according to the guide lines ofclinical
laboratory and standards institute (CLSI). Cefoxitin, 30 pg discs were also applied in the
culture sensitivity to find methicillin resistant S. aureus (MRSA) strains. Majority of S.
aureus wereisolated from skin infections. A total of 273 (61.34%) isolates were found to be
MRSA out of 445. The samples collected from KTH’s clinical laboratory were named as
KLS (n=167), KTH’s environmental samples as KE (n=64), KTH’s blood isolates as KLBS
(n=15), KTH’s currency notes as CRN (n=18), KTH’s burn ward samples as KBRN (n=89)
and the isolates collected from Hayatabad medical complex were named as HMC (n=92). As
a whole, amongtheantibiotics tested against S. aureus, vancomycin was most potent among
alLantibiotics to which 89.89% isolates were susceptible. Next to vancomycin were fusidic
acid, rifampicin, linezolid and chloramphenicol inhibiting 84.94, 83.37, 83.15 and 81.12 %
of the isolates respectively. Among the 445 isolates, 73.03% were susceptible to
doxycycline, 62.47 % to amikacin and 60% to meropenem. Gentamicin, clarithromycin and
ciprofloxacin had average activity, ie. 53.93, 44.04 and 41.57 % respectively. Rest of the
antibiotics had below 40 % activities. MRSA strains were found more resistant as compared
to MSSA.