Alia NazSupervisor By: Dr. Sardar khan2026-09-182026-09-182011http://repository.uop.edu.pk/123456789/587All blessing are unto Almighty Allah who enables me to complete this work. I consider it my utmost to express gratitude to the prophet Muhammad (S.A.W.). I feel great pleasure and honour to acknowledge my deep sense of gratitude from the core of my heart to my supervisors Dr. Sardar khan, Associate Professor in Department of Environmental Sciences , University of Peshawar and Dr. Shafiq-Ur- Rehman, Professor in Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Peshawar. Their guidance, immaculate supervision, kind and keen interest inspired self confidence in me. Further my cordial thanks go to Dr. Ihsanullah, Head of Plant Sciences Department and Mr. Yousaf, Senor Scientist in the Department of Plant Nutrition for their graciously assistance and guidance during the laboratory work in the Nuclear Institute of Food and Agriculture. Similarly I would like to thanks Mr. Hassan Laboratory Assistance, Department of Plants Breeding and Genetics in Agriculture University Peshawar, Mr. Gul Hassan, Laboratory Assistance, Department of environmental Sciences, University of Peshawar and Mr. Tariq Laboratory Assistance in the Department of Geology, University of Peshawar who’s never hesitated to assist me at any stage in the completion of my laboratory works for research. Sincere and deepest thanks to Dr. Ayesha S. Abdullah, Dean and Assistance Professor in the Peshawar Medical College, Mrs. Salma Khalid and Miss. Hafsa Habib, Dr. Naveed Sharif, Dr. Sheikh Ibqar Azeem, Dr. Shamilah Hafizi, and Shandana Ikram for their moral and refreshing support. Thanks to Tariq Aziz for his help in composing thesis.enThesis